深空探测用低温推进剂贮箱热力排气系统研究

Cryogenic propellant usually experiences long term on orbit storage. The pressure increase in cryogenic storage tank is faced by most of space missions. The thermodynamic vent system (TVS) is treated as the promising method to control the increase of the tank pressure by scholars both at home and abroad. Based on the investigation conducted by different research agencies, literature review and management are conducted to reflect the recent research statue on TVS. The development profile of the experimental research on the pressure control performance of TVS is specially summarized. The condition setting and performance difference of TVS conducted by different agencies are compared and analyzed. The key technique and related conclusion are refined during the operation of TVS. Finally, based on the requirement of the large scale using of cryogenic propellant in deep space exploration in China, the development plan is proposed on the aspect of TVS pressure control on cryogenic storage tanks.     

减压器增压过程中的振荡抑制措施

为解决大流量减压器在增压过程中出现的剧烈振荡问题,开展了仿真和试验研究.建立了减压器非稳态模型并开展数值计算,得到了减压器的振荡特性,该特性与试验结果基本一致.根据仿真结果提出了卸荷腔气体从入口管路引入的外置式卸荷方案.结果表明:该方案成功解决了振荡问题,减压器能够持续、稳定地增压.     

空间推进系统用铝内衬PBO 纤维缠绕高压气瓶的研制

以空间推进系统用高压复合材料气瓶的开发为背景,开展了PBO纤维的应用研究。分别对PBO/D-3和PBO/D-8复合材料力学性能进行了测试,获得了性能最佳的复合材料配方体系。在此基础上,将PBO复合材料用于空间推进系统用铝内衬复合材料高压气瓶,开展了2.4 L铝内衬高压气瓶的研制。结果表明:PBO(HM)/D-8复合材料力学性能最佳,其拉伸强度与NOL层间剪切强度分别高达1 397 MPa和20.2MPa,采用其缠绕的复合材料气瓶结构系数高达64.5 km。     

Unsteady Flow and Pressure Pulsations in a ModelAxial-Vortex Stage Inducer

In consideration of improving cavitation capacity of centrifugal pump to inhibit pressure pulsations, vibrations and dynamic loads in flow passing areas, alleviating damages of reusable liquid rocket engine turbo-pumps caused by cavitation erosion and satisfying the requirements of high rotation speed, low inlet pressure, small sizes and light weight, three dimensional simulations of unsteady pressure pulsation and cavitation capacity are carried out to a single screw inducer and an inducer with axial-vortex stage utilizing CFD methods. The results show that compared with single screw inducer, inducer with axial-vortex stage has 25% higher cavitation coefficient, 30% higher initial cavitation coefficient and lower pressure pulsation of blade passing frequency in the outlet of inducer, which all prove that cavitation capacity is obviously ameliorated.     

锥形旋流器内燃料分布对模型燃烧室近贫熄状态的影响

针对近贫熄状态,研究锥形旋流器内燃料分布对模型燃烧室燃烧稳定的影响。在不同空气流量下对头部燃料分布A和B分别进行了锥形旋流器模型燃烧室的贫熄状态实验。结果表明:同样的进气条件下,分布B在贫熄时刻的过量空气系数是分布A的4倍以上,并在可比较的实验流量范围内保持明显的优势;分布B的火焰可以由锥形旋流器外缩入锥形旋流器内熄灭,而分布A的火焰不能缩入旋流器内部,只能在锥形旋流器外部以整团火焰的形态熄灭;锥形旋流器头部中心轴线上引入的少量燃料对燃烧室近贫熄状态的压力脉动有极大影响,分布B的压力波动幅值比分布A降低90%以上,压力波动主频从88Hz减小到50Hz。结合数值模拟计算,从切向涡量角度分析了近贫熄火焰前端稳定在不同位置的原因,比较了两种燃气分布下局部流场物理参数分布的差异,有助于理解与认识锥形旋流器内燃料分布对燃烧稳定性的影响。     

喷嘴挡板式三通气动阀控缸特性分析

喷嘴挡板式三通气动阀控不对称缸常用于航空发动机起动系统的引气控制。在分析由固定节流孔、喷嘴挡板可变节流孔和容腔组成的喷嘴挡板式气动三通阀原理的基础上,建立了气动三通阀控不对称缸差动系统的数学模型,得到了气源、控制阀与气缸结构参数对三通阀控缸静、动态特性的影响规律。研究发现,通过增大空气填充速率和减少空气需求,可以提高喷嘴挡板式三通气动阀控缸的响应速度,例如增大喷嘴挡板式气动三通阀的固定节流孔直径、减小活塞有效面积、提高供气压力等；理论分析结果与实践结果一致。     

Thermospheric winds over Abuja during solar minimum period

Monthly variations of averaged nighttime thermospheric winds have been investigated over Abuja, Nigeria (Geographic: 9.06°N, 7.5°E; Geomagnetic: 1.60°S). The reports are based on Fabry-Perot interferometer measurements of Doppler shifts and Doppler broadening of the 630.0 nm spectral emission. The results were obtained during a period of weak solar activity with the solar flux (F10.7) typically below 70 solar flux units. Inspection of the average monthly thermospheric winds from October 2017 to December 2017 found December meridional winds to be more equatorward than the October and November winds. Zonal winds are eastward with pre-midnight maximum speeds going above 100 m/s. Compared to Jicamarca zonal winds in the Peruvian sector for the same month of October, the magnitude of maximum Abuja zonal wind speed is weaker. We compare the observed diurnal variation with the recently updated Horizontal wind model (HWM 14). Most of the observational features of thermospheric wind diurnal variation are captured in the model variation. The HWM14 generally showed good agreement with the Abuja October and November zonal wind observations but overestimates the December meridional winds. Expected longer period analysis of the results from Abuja will stimulate a better understanding of wind climatology over the West African sector.     

新Omega涡识别法在液体火箭发动机涡轮氧泵中的应用

离心泵中流动不稳定现象与流场中旋涡的形成及演化过程密切相关。为解决传统涡识别法在高速离心泵流场涡结构捕捉方面的缺陷,引入新Omega涡识别法,对液体火箭发动机涡轮氧泵流场中的涡结构进行了分析。确定了新Omega涡识别法在高速离心泵流场涡结构捕捉方面的优势,利用该方法对涡轮氧泵中离心轮与扩压器之间的动静干涉机理进行了阐释。结果表明:对于高速离心泵,传统Q准则以及λ2准则涡识别法错误地将壁面强剪切层识别为旋涡,而新Omega涡识别方法能够有效滤除流场中非旋转涡量部分,较好地捕捉流场中涡结构,可作为高速离心泵流场涡结构识别的首选方法。通过离心轮与扩压器动静干涉区域旋涡演化过程分析可知,涡轮氧泵离心轮与扩压器之间的动静干涉效应主要源自于扩压器叶片压力面上的周期性涡脱落现象。     

零二次流引射器启动性能数值研究

为研究零二次流引射器结构参数如何影响其启动性能,采用数值方法模拟求解了引射器流场,并分析了引射器从启动到不启动的典型工作状态。结果表明:扩压器入口面积与引射喷管喉部面积之比Ad/At和第二喉道收缩比Ast/Ad是影响引射器性能的首要因素,其次是第二喉道长径比Lst/Dst和第二喉道入口的位置Ld/Dd。Ad/At越大,扩压器入口斜激波越强,总压损失越大,临界启动压比越大,越难以启动;Ast/Ad越小(大于其临界收缩比)则临界启动压比越小,越易于启动。     

航空发动机进气道出口截面喘振波的分布

用扰流插板使涡扇发动机进气道内产生不对称分布的总压畸变并使发动机出现喘振。在进气道出口即发动机进口截面测取两种不同转速下发动机的喘振压力波。应用小波分析奇异点理论,采用模极大值原理和高阶Daubechies小波多尺度分析,对喘振压力信号进行处理,得到发动机喘振波在其进口截面的波形分布特征。揭示了在两种转速下,喘振波在截面上的分布相似,其频率和幅值与转速成正比。截面中心部分表现为正脉冲,周围部分为负脉冲。在垂直方向上的幅值较大,而两翼较小。对该分布特征进行了分析,初步的推论为:高压压气机引起喘振,稳态压力畸变最严重的区域和未受到畸变扰动的区域,喘振波最为强烈。